Cardiac tamponade may be caused by any of the following:

• Effusions caused by tumors often lead to tamponade, eliciting bleeding in the pericardium. Blood accumulates more rapidly than a transudate and more commonly causes tamponade.
• Pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, may cause fluid and cardiac tamponade.
• Radiation or drug therapies can cause cardiac tamponade.
• Cancers in or near the heart can leak fluid into the pericardium and cause cardiac tamponade. Tamponade is more common in patients with malignant pericarditis.
• Heart catheterization and invasive surgery, including open-heart surgery and recent heart attack can lead to cardiac tamponade.
• Cardiac tamponade can be caused due to viral or bacterial infection.

Cardiac tamponade related to trauma or HIV is more common in young adults. Cardiac tamponade can be caused by anything that inflames or injures the pericardium. Some common causes are pericarditis, chest trauma and viral or bacterial infection. In a patient with cardiac tamponade, the heart experiences reduced stroke volume. This results in decreased oxygenation. The patient may have a very rapid pulse, and symptoms such as chest pain, anxiety, and extreme discomfort can be observed in the patient.

It can be complicated to diagnose cardiac tamponade, as no one medical test will reveal the condition. Blood tests, echocardiograms and other medical imaging studies can reveal abnormalities which suggest cardiac tamponade. And it can be difficult to predict when a patient will develop this condition. So it is necessary that medical care providers should tend to pay close attention to patients who are at risk so that interventions can be provided promptly, otherwise patients with this condition will die if they are not treated, and the treatment needs to take place in a hospital environment.

Women develop heart problems about seven to eight years later than men. By age 75, cardiovascular disease is more common among women than men. Although it can affect women of all ages Furthermore, diagnosing heart attacks can be more difficult in women than men because women tend to have less “typical” symptoms.

A number of risk factors which increase a woman’s chance of developing coronary artery disease (CAD) and having a heart attack are following:

• Between ages 55 and 74, high blood pressure (hypertension) is slightly more common among women. And uncontrollable high blood pressure is a major risk factor of getting heart attack.
• A regular smoking habit greatly increases the risk of damage to the coronary arteries (more so in women) and dying from heart attack.
• Obesity is another leading cause of contributing to heart disease. Obese women are much more likely to die from a heart attack than those who are not.
• Total cholesterol levels should be less than 200. High cholesterol levels in women also lead to heart attack.
• Family history of heart disease. Women, like men, are more likely to develop heart disease if heart disease runs in their family.
• According to the American Heart Association, diabetic women are twice as likely to suffer from heart disease as non-diabetic women. Similarly the impact of diabetes on stroke risk is greater for women than men.

Do not smoke:

Smoking is one of the most important factors, which causes heart disease. If you quick smoking your risk of heart attack drops down.

Get regular exercises:

Take regular exercise. It helps us to control diabetes and hypertension. Exercises significantly reduce the chances of diabetes and stroke. Exercises also help us to control weight and can reduce your chances of heart and circulatory diseases. It also reduces stress.

Maintain cholesterol level:

Avoid food rich in cholesterol, and saturated fats. Lower your cholesterol. If you have high cholesterol follow your doctor advice for lowering it. Limit your intake of food high in calories.

Look before your eat:

Avoid coconut oil, palm oil, and ghee. Eat a variety of food and vegetables every day. Eat colored vegetables and fruits. Use less fat meats, chicken, fish, switch to fat free milk / skimmed milk.

Control your blood pressure:

If you have high blood pressure, your risk of developing heart disease increases. Lowering blood pressure could reduce the causes of heart failure. Exercising, limiting alcohol intake, and controlling stress will keep your blood pressure in a healthy range.