The virus that causes this infection in birds can mutate to infect humans.Such mutation could start a deadly worldwide epidemic. These influenza viruses occur naturally among birds. Avian influenza viruses are rarely transmitted from birds to humans, and most of these cases have occurred from direct or close contact with infected poultry or contaminated surfaces.

The use of surgical mask is one component of infection control. Surgical masks are designed to cover the mouth and noses loosely, usually strapped behind the head and made of soft materials and are comfortable to wear. Surgical masks are may be used to protect the respiratory tract from viruses, bacteria, and fungi transmitted through direct contamination of the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth or through inhalation of organisms in the air.

For preventing influenza exposure, wearing a mask is not recommended for routine use for example in community settings, such as schools, businesses, and public gatherings. To prevent the spread of infection between infected and non-infected persons in hospitals, emergency departments, out-patient facilities, residential care facilities, emergency medical services, home health care delivery where pandemic influenza patients might receive health care services, surgical masks are used along with other forms of personal protective equipment like gloves, gowns, and goggles.